A Bluestocking Knits

This list is a collection over time of words found in Swedish church books, as an aid in transcribing and translating those genealogical records. Examples of a word’s usage are given where helpful or interesting.

If there are two spellings in an entry, the first is usually the older.

Plurals and definite article forms are indicated in parentheses following the English.

The letters å, ä, and ö are distinct letters, and are filed in that order after z.  Note that “aa” is a variant of “å”, and thus is filed after z.

If you don’t find a word in the list alphabetically, try the “search” tool on your keyboard, as an adjective etc. may be defined under the noun it modifies.

Please feel free to offer corrections, alternative translations, elaborations, etc. in the comments at the end of each section!

I have included links to my sources for the more-obscure or difficult definitions and/or to fuller definitions.  Thanks also to members of the SWEDEN list at RootsWeb for their help!

— Jeanne Smith

 

Links to the other parts of the word list:

A-G

H-Q

R-Ö

*****

Updated 21 December 2017

halss-fluss, halsfluss, halssvulst = tonsillitis

            see also strypsjuka

halsröta = diphtheria

halssiuka, halssjuka = diphtheria

hammarsmed = blacksmith working at a large hammer

handelsidkare = tradesman

handtverkare = craftsmen (tailors, shoemakers, etc.)

hemmansbruk =

hemmansbrukare, tenant farmer [lit. “farm user”]

hemmanseg, hemmansägare, H. äg. = a person who owns a homestead or farm

hetsig feber, hetsig siukdom, hetsig sjukdom = high fever

hetsvulst = inflammated abscess

            see also rosen, kallbrand

hjärnblödning = intracranial haemorrhage, stroke

hjärnfeber, hjernfeber, hjärnhinneinflammation = meningitis (meningitis cerebralis)

hjerninflammation, hjärninflammation = encephalitis (inflammation of the brain)

“hjärnhinneinflammation”, brain inflammation

hjärtförlamning = heart failure

hjärtlidande = heart problems (“suffering”)

hjärtsprång hos barn = fever and convulsions or epilepsy in an infant

            see also tandsprickning, magref, maskar

hosta = cough

hufudsot, huvudsot = meningitis

hufvudwärck = headache

hujus, huius = Latin, of this (the same, e.g. month)

hunger = starvation

husman = cottager, crofter, tenant

hustru = wife

“Bägga Hustruarnas namn var Carin Jonsdotter”, both [of his] wives were named Carin Jonsdotter

håll och styng = stinging chest pain as in pneumonia

            see also bröstfeber

hård mage = constipation

            see also älta, magtorsk, trånsjuka hos barn

hängt sig = hanged himself

höftsjuka = usually a tuberculotic hip injury

Häradsskrifvaren = deputy clerk

inhyses = lodger

jordfästningen = burial

“jordfästningen författad av undertecknad”, the burial [was] authorized by the undersigned

kallbrand = gangrene

            see also kräfveten, hetsvulst, rosen, kallbrand, bulnader, rötbölder, sår

kamrerare = treasurer (kamreraren, the treasurer)

kikhosta = whooping cough

klensmed = smith making small things

knippsmed = a smith producing knippjärn, iron or steel bars, used as raw material, e.g. for tool manufacturing

kolare = charcoal-burner (kolaren, the charcoal-burner)

kolos = carbon monoxide (kolmonoxidförgiftning, carbon monoxide poisoning)

könstnar = painter (artistic)

            see also målare, painter (of houses, etc.)

koppor = smallpox

kramp = convulsion

kröger = publican (krögerska, female publican; krögerskan, the female publican)

kronobonde = tenant farmer on crown lands

krossade = crushed to death

            “krossade af träd i skogen”, crushed by a tree in the forest

            “krossade i grufwor”, crushed to death in the mines

krossning = to be crushed

            see also benbrott, friska sår

kräfta = cancer

kräfveten  = cancer

            see also kallbrand

krämpor = ailments

kröger = publican (krögerska, female publican)

kvinperson see qvinperson

kyrkoherde = vicar

kyrktagning = “churching”, the ceremony blessing a woman after recovering from childbirth

Kyrkvaktmästare, kyrkovaktmästare, kyrkvaktare, kyrkväktare = sexton

landbonde = tenant farmer, leasing the land from someone else

lefwarna = conduct of life

lifsjuka, livsjuka = diarrhea

likmask = ulcerative stomatitis

            see also barnkräfta

luckor = gaps

            “med luckor”, with gaps (in the record, etc.)

lungemfysem, emfysem = emphysema

lungsot = tuberculosis, consumption

lägerplats = burial place

lägerställe = military campsite, or place where a person could lay down to sleep

“Och Herrens molnsky svävade över dem om dagen, när de bröto upp från sitt lägerställe” = “Then a cloud covered the tent of the congregation, and the glory of the Lord filled the tabernacle” (Exodus 40:34).

länsman = sheriff

lärare = teacher

lärling = apprentice (lärlingen = the apprentice)

lönskaläge = extramarital sexual relations, in this case between unmarried persons; this usually could be proven only by pregnancy.  The penalty was a fine, usually ten riksdaler for the man and five for the woman.

lösa = loose, can also be used in regard to a person without employment contract

magflen = gastritis

            see also andtäppa, gulsot, bukref, colik, förstoppning

mage-ref, magsjuka = stomach disease

magsvårighet = stomach trouble

magtorsk =

            see also hård mage, trånsjuka hos barn

maka = spouse

            ”och dess k. Maka”

marasmus senilis (Mar. senil.) = progressive atrophy of the tissues due to old age (not necessarily senility of the mind)

maskar = worms

            see also hjärtsprång hos barn, tandsprickning, magref

medfödd svaghet = congenital weakness.

mjält-sjuka = disease of spleen, usually pains in the upper abdominal region and left rib.

also “hypochondria” mental illness (that is, with men; the same symptoms with women were considered as “hysteria”)

mjölkkastning = lit. “milk-casting, -throwing”, a sickly state affecting some post-partum women; it was thought that sometimes when lactation ceased (for whatever reason) the milk was “cast” instead onto the woman’s internal organs, causing sickliness and sometimes death.

mjölnare = miller

moder = a union of two (or more) parishes has a moder (mother) parish, and one or more annex or “inferior” parishes

morgongåva = a gift often given by the groom to the bride the morning after the wedding.

myndig, myndige = of age

mässling, messling = measles

mästersven = master’s apprentice

målare = painter (of houses, etc.)

            see also könstnar, artistic painter

mördade = murdered

nerffeber, nervfeber = typhoid fever

niur- och blåsesten = kidney and bladder stone

njurinflammation = pyelonephritis (renal inflammation/infection)

non bona nota = (Latin)

Novembris, 9bris = (Latin) November

nykter = sober, non-drinker

nämndeman, nemdeman = juryman, lay judge

närvarande = present, not absent

nöddöp = emergency baptism, often performed at home if the child was not expected to live, or sometimes if the weather prevented taking the child to church; an official “confirmation” (bekräftas) of the baptism was expected to follow

oangifven sjukdom = unstated illness

obefintlig = absent, whereabouts unknown

obekant = (cause of death) unknown

obestämd, obest. = unknown, undetermined

            “Obest. ort”, [in an] unknown place

Octobris, 8bris = (Latin) October

oklanderlig = impeccable

oklandradt, oklandrad = faithful

olyckshändelse = accident

oppsättare, uppsättare = possibly a worker setting up a furnace or blast oven for use

organiskt hjertfel, hjärtfel = organic heart disease (an overall term that refers to any type of heart disease where the heart itself is affected, and doesn’t function as it should, due to a physiological problem, such as a deformity or inflammation)

orkeslös = decrepit, infirm

Pasato =

Näsby (T) OIa:1 (1614-1862) Image 250 / page 407 (AID: v63908.b250.s407, NAD: SE/ULA/11161)

“blef död d. 19 Pasato“, perhaps “passed”? as in “the 19th just passed”?

penningar = money

“utlagt penningar”

piltebarn = boy-child

see also flickabarn, girl-child

plåtsmed = tinsmith

precis, precist = exactly

            “24 år précis”, 24 years exactly [usually meaning “to the day”]

puddlare = one who handles the furnace for puddling, a method for converting pig iron into wrought iron (puddlaren, the man who, etc.)

            “puddelugn”, the furnace itself

            “puddeljärn”, the iron/material

qvinsperson, quinsperson, kvinsperson = a woman who had given birth to an illegitimate child (usually, though not always, used in reference to a woman who had more than one illegitimate child)

            “qvinsp. Lisa Mattsdr.”

            “Qv. P. Inh. Maria Greta Hammarström”

Note that this usage was not official or universal, and that in some parishes a woman with only one illegitimate child could still be called “piga”.

qväfde af mödrar, kväft af modret = suffocated to death under (the) mother; though accidental suffocation certainly could and still does happen, sadly the death of an infant was often blamed on the mother in this way when there was no other visible explanation (e.g. genetic disorder, heart problems, hidden infection, SIDS, all more easily diagnosed today)

            “qväfde af ammor”, suffocated under the (wet-)nurse

            “förqväfd af modern”

qväfning, kväfning = suffocation

This list is a collection over time of words found in Swedish church books, as an aid in transcribing and translating those genealogical records. Examples of a word’s usage are given where helpful or interesting.

If there are two spellings in an entry, the first is usually the older.

Plurals and definite article forms are indicated in parentheses following the English.

The letters å, ä, and ö are distinct letters, and are filed in that order after z.  Note that “aa” is a variant of “å”, and thus is filed after z.

If you don’t find a word in the list alphabetically, try the “search” tool on your keyboard, as an adjective etc. may be defined under the noun it modifies.

Please feel free to offer corrections, alternative translations, elaborations, etc. in the comments at the end of each section!

I have included links to my sources for the more-obscure or difficult definitions and/or to fuller definitions.  Thanks also to members of the SWEDEN list at RootsWeb for their help!

— Jeanne Smith

 

Links to the other parts of the word list:

A-G

H-Q

R-Ö

*****

Updated 21 December 2017

anno, a:o, a. = year (Latin)

absens, abs. = absent (Latin)

absolvera, abs. = (to) absolve (Latin) the penance for the illegitimate birth was performed

admitterad, adm. = admitted                                        

afgång, afg. = decease, depart to, departure                

            afgådt, also used sometimes for “resigned”

afliden, avliden, afl., avl. = (to) expire, die (afliden, the deceased)

            “afl. utan confirm”, death not confirmed

afskedade, afsk. = discharged, resigned

afskrift, afskr. = transcript

afvittring, avvittring = assignment (of an inheritance); the division of inheritance had to be done before a widow or widower could re-marry

“caverar för afwittningen“, “cavera” (from Latin “cavere” = bail, surety) to guarantee, in this case the division of inheritance, by putting up bail money

andra, 2dra = second

andtäppa = dyspnea, difficulty in breathing

angafs = alleged, accused (reported to be)

            “barnfader angafs Jan Persson”, (the) child’s father is reported to be Jan Persson

ante nuptius, a.n. = before marriage (Latin), usually referring to an illegitimate child

anmärkning, anm. = remark, annotation

anständigt = respectable

arbetare, arb. = worker, laborer (arbetaren = the worker/laborer)

arbetskarl = laborer, journeyman

arbetsbetyg, arb. bet. = work permit (certificate allowing looking for work in another parish)

arf, arv = inheritance, patrimony

arfvinge, arvinge = heir

arfskifte, arvskifte = distribution of inheritance

arrendator, arrend. = tenant farmer, leaseholder

attest = certificate, testimony, attestation

            “utan attest”, without a certificate (e.g., a moving-out certificate)

avtyning = languish

avvitring

            “caverar för afwittningen”

backstugesittare, backst. = person in a rural area who lived on someone else’s land, at the landowner’s discretion, or on the commons in a small cottage or hut

            compare torpare, who had a lease agreement to use a plot of land

barn = child, children

barnhus = orphanage

            “barnhusflicka”, girl from the orphanage

            “barnhusgossen”, the boy from the orphanage

barnkräfta = ulcerative stomatitis, “child cancer”

            see also likmask

barnsbörd = childbirth

“i följd af Barnbörd” , [in] consequence of childbirth

barnsbörd convulsioner = convulsions as a result of childbirth

barnsbörd förblödning = bleeding as a result of childbirth

barns hiertsprång = children’s epilepsy, convulsions

barnsjuka = children’s disease

            “okänd barnsjuka”, unknown children’s disease

barnsäng = childbirth (lit. “child-bed”)

            “modren dog uti sin barnsäng”, the mother died in [her] childbirth

            “följd af Barnsäng”, [in] consequence of childbed

begravd = buried

“begrofs i tysthet”, buried in silence (quietly, without ceremony): this usually signifies a burial without ceremony or bell-tolls, after sunset, and in a remote part of the church-yard or in some cases outside the church-yard. This kind of ignominious burial was for suicides (either actual suicides or those who the local priest decided had lived an unchristian life thereby squandering the opportunity for heavenly redemption) or for criminals.

behållning = remainder, balance

bekräftas = confirmation of an emergency baptism (see nöddöp)

“bekräftadt af Lundqvist 27/8”, confirmed by Lundqvist 27 August

benbrott = fracture

benröts-skador = osteomyelitis

bergmästare = mine master or foreman

bergslag = region abounding in mines; mountain district

bergsman = miner

berömligt = commendable

besittningsrätt = right of possession

beskedligt = modest, unassuming

betyg = certificate

bevis = proof, testimony; certificate, attest; confirmation; voucher

bevistat (läs)förhör = present at household examination (clerical survey)

bifall = permission

            skriftligt bifall, written permission

            närvarande bifallet, the permission given in person

bitning = bitten by an animal

bland annat, bl. a. = among other things

blifoande = to come, to be

            blifoande hustru, wife-to-be

blodbrist = anemia

blodflöd = hemorrhage

blodhostning = hemoptysis

            see also förblödning

blodsot = dysentery

see also rödsot

blodstörtning = pulmonary hemorrhage

blodsår = bleeding sore

blåsesten = bladder stone

blåsutslag = erysipelas

bokförare = bookkeeper, clerk

bokhållare = bookkeeper

bomärke, bumerke = house-sign

bonde, bond., b. = farmer, peasant (bonden = the farmer)

            see also frälsebonde, kronobonde, landbonde, skattebonde

bonddräng = farm-hand

borgerligt äktenskap = civil marriage

broder, bror = brother

brock, bråck = hernia

            “inspärrat brock”, obstructed/blocked hernia (inspärrade = locked in, confined)

brud = bride (bruden, the bride)

brudgum = bridegroom (brudgummen, the bridegroom)

brukare, br. = user, employer; farmer, tenant

bruksegare = factory manager; factory inspector

brukspatron(en), bruks patron = the manager, and usually owner, of a forge or blast furnace for the processing of iron

bråddöd = sudden death

bräcklighet = frailty

            “ålderdoms bräcklighet”, the frailty of old age

brännsiuka, brännsjuka, brännesiuka, brännesjuka = high fever

            “hetsig siukdom och brännsiuka”, sudden illness and high fever

            “hetsig feber, brännesiuka”, sudden fever, high fever

brännskada = burns

“svår brännskada”, severe burns

brännsår = burn

bröstfeber = pneumonia

            see also håll och styng, lungsot

bröstplågor = chest/breast pains

bröstsiuka, bröstsjuka = pneumonia

buk-ref, bukref = stomach complaint

            see also colik och förstoppning, magflen, magsjuka, magsvårighet

bulnader = abscess

            see also bölder, rötbölder, rosen, kallbrand, sår

byggmästare = builder

bölder = abscess

            see also sår, bulnader, bölder, rosen, kallbrand

bänklängd = pew lists

bär barnet, b. b. = carried the child at christening

            susc., susceptor/susceptrix, the godparent who held the child at christening

cantor = organist, choir director

cautionister, caut. = witness, co-signer

charta belopp, chartæ-belopp = stamp amount, a tax paid at each marriage, ostensibly a fee for the stamped paper used for the banns

charta sigillata = lit. “stamp paper” (Latin), a tax paid at each marriage, as a fee for the stamped paper used for the banns

cholera asiatica, kolera asiatica = Asiatic cholera

cholera nostras = “domestic cholera”, usually a typhoid fever or another disease caused by bacteria salmonella 

Christendomen = Christian knowledge

            “oförståndig i Christendomen”, unwise (unlearned?) in Christian knowledge

Christeligt, kristlig = Christian

cognatus = related (Latin)

colique, colik = colic

            see also bukref, förstoppning, magflen

conjugata = married (Latin)

convulsioner = convulsions and cramps of limbs

            see also fallandesot

copulatus, cop. = married, marriage (Latin)

copulerad, cop. = married

crono, cr. = pertaining to the Crown

crono hem, cr.h. = Crown-owned home

Decembris, 10bris = (Latin) December

derstädes = in this place

“som föddes derstädes” = who [was] born in this place

diarrhé, diarrhoea = diarrhea

            see also utsot, rödsot, durklopp

Dopförrättare = baptismal officiants

Dopsedel = baptismal certificate

also dopattest

dotter = daughter

dragsiuka, dragsjuka = ergot poisoning causing cramps and convulsion

drunknade = drowned

drunkning = (a) drowning

durklopp = diarrhea

            see also utsot, rödsot

döde = died

            “döde af okänd händelse”, died of an unknown cause/event

            “döde af starka drycker”, died of strong drink

            “fundne döde på marken”, found dead on the ground

dödfunnen = found dead

döpa = to baptize (döptes, past tense passive; döp, simple past tense)

ejusdem = of the same (Latin)

eldvakta = fire guard, one who looks after the fire

enfaldig = simple, stupid (not usually in a judgemental way, but as in mentally disabled)

“något enfaldig”, somewhat simple

“högst enfaldig”, exceedingly stupid

enke = widow (enken, the widow)

            “då varande Enkan”, the present widow

fallandesot = epilepsy (lit. falling sickness)

feber = fever

“febrar af alla slag”, fever of all kinds

fistlar = fistula

fjerdingsman = under-bailiff of a härad (hundred, an administrative district)

flussfeber = catarrhic fever, inflammation of  the respiratory canals

fläckfeber, fläcktyfus = typhus

folio = (Latin for “leaf”) refers to a “spread”, i.e. the left and right sides having the same pagination (page numbers)

“page” or “sida” usually refers to that number in the same volume; “folio” usually means that number in another book in the same time period (e.g. “f.214” in book AI:16C leads to page 214 in book AI:16B)

framlidne = (the) late

“framl. Anders Andersson”, the late Anders Andersson

frälsebonde = tenant farmer on the land of a member of the nobility

fråssa, frossa = malaria

see also älta

frusen till döds = frozen to death

furirskytt = [senior] corporal rifleman

fältfeber, fältsjuka = “battlefield fever”, “battlefield disease”, usually typhus

fästehjonen = the betrothed people (i.e., couple)

föddes på nyt = born again, i.e., baptized

födelse = birth (födelsen, the birth)

“dog omedelbart efter födelsen” = died immediately after the birth

födelselängd = birth record

            “födelselängden svårläst”, birth record difficult to read

            “födelselängden saknas”, birth record missing

förblödning = bleeding to death

see also blodhostning

fördelstagare = generally, an elderly person or couple who handed over his/their farm to an adult child, making up a contract for the benefits etc. that the child would give the parent(s) in compensation

note that the meaning differed in different areas of the country

Förenta Stater = United States (Förenta Staterna = the United States)

förgiftning = poisoning

förlamning = paralysation

förqväfd = see qväfd

förre = former (den förre, the former)

“f.d. [före detta] Hammarsmed”

“Den förre bl. Enkl. i 1843 Febr. och den sedn. Ea. 1842 13/5”

förstoppning = constipation

            see also bukref, colik, magflen

försvarligt = justifiable

gemensamma = joint, (in) common

“Gemensamma Dotter Johanna Maria,” their daughter together, Johanna Maria (i.e., the husband’s and wife’s daughter as distinct from their own children from previous marriages)

gesäll = journeyman

gickt, gikt, gigt = gout

giftoman = the person responsible for the bride (the one who “gives her away”)

“Brudens vägnar närvarande Husbond Mr. Eric Kvarnström vid Nedre Nyhammar. Ingen närmare giftoman”, no closer guardian

gjuteri arbetare = foundry worker

godkänt, godkändt = approved

grufarbetare, gruvarbetare = miner (grufarbetaren, the miner)

gudfruktigt = God-fearing

gul-sot, gulsot = jaundice (lit. “gold/yellow sickness”)

gången = time

“första gången”, the first time

“andra gången, 2dra gången”, the second time

This list is a collection over time of words found in Swedish church books, as an aid in transcribing and translating those genealogical records. Examples of a word’s usage are given where helpful or interesting.

If there are two spellings in an entry, the first is usually the older.

Plurals and definite article forms are indicated in parentheses following the English.

The letters å, ä, and ö are distinct letters, and are filed in that order after z.  Note that “aa” is a variant of “å”, and thus is filed after z.

If you don’t find a word in the list alphabetically, try the “search” tool on your keyboard, as an adjective etc. may be defined under the noun it modifies.

Please feel free to offer corrections, alternative translations, elaborations, etc. in the comments at the end of each section!

I have included links to my sources for the more-obscure or difficult definitions and/or to fuller definitions.  Thanks also to members of the SWEDEN list at RootsWeb for their help!

— Jeanne Smith

 

Links to the other parts of the word list:

A-G

H-Q

R-Ö

*******

 

ref = pain, difficulty

risen = rickets

rosen = erysipelas

rothjon = pauper

rus = drunkenness

rusthållare = cavalry-providing farmer (a title), one who provided the army with a cavalry soldier plus horse and equipment

rustmästare = an underofficer (non-commissioned officer) responsible for the care of the armory, weaponry, and ammunition within a company

ryckningar = convulsions

rättare = a foreman on a large farm

rödsot = dysentery

            see also diarrhé, utsot

rötfeber = high fever with symptoms of bodily decay

            see also fläckfeber

rötsår = rankling sore

sammastäd = same place

            “der sammastädet”, of the same place

senare, sednare [?] = latter (den senare, the latter)

“Den förre bl. Enkl. i 1843 Febr. och den sedn. Ea. 1842 13/5”, the former was widowered in February 1843, and the latter widowed 13 May 1842

Septembris, 7bris = (Latin) September

septimanas = (Latin) weeks

            “ætas 2 menses 3 septiman: 2 dies.”, aged 2 months, 3 weeks, 1 day

sjelf-mördare, sielfmördare, sjelfmördare = suicide (lit., “self-murder”)

sjuksvard = one who cares for the sick, nurse

            “sjukvårdskorpral i flottan,” pharmacist’s mate in the navy

skarlakansfeber, scharlakansfeber = scarlet fever

skattebonde = farmer who owned his land and paid tax to the crown (similar to yeoman farmer)

skogvaktare = forester, gamekeeper

skrifta = shrive, confess

skriftlig och samtyckt = written and consented

skräddare = tailor

skörbjugg = scurvy

            see also vattensot, andtäppa, gulsot

slag = stroke

            sometimes any sudden death where the cause could not be determined, esp. in the case of an infant

slagne af åskan, slag af åska = killed by a lightning strike

slagt = kindred

            “Ej slagt”, not related, not kindred (on a marriage record)

slut = end

slutet af Socknen, Socknens slut, Socknens tå,  literally “the end of the parish”, an area were poor people were allowed to have cottages

smittkoppor = smallpox

smittosam sjuka = infectious disease

snickare = carpenter

spiksmed = nailsmith

spågumme = seer, clairvoyant, fortune-teller (female)

            “spågubbe”, (male) fortune-teller

spögubbe = sexton; depending on context, this could mean either the sexton of a church, who sometimes during services carried a rod with which to prod sleeping church-goers, or a provost whose task was to carry out floggings.  (Språkdata, University of Gothenburg: “Spögubbe a) kyrkvaktare, som hade till uppgift att i kyrkan med ett spö väcka sovande åhörare, b) profoss med uppgift att verkställa spöstraff”.)

stalldräng = groom, stableman

statdräng = labourer paid partly in money and partly in kind (lodging, grains, milk, etc.)

stenplåga, sten-passion = pain caused by stones

stickfluss = choking catarrh, accidental choking caused by a cardiac or pulmonary disease

stryplungsot, struplungsot = laryngeal tuberculosis

struptuberkulos

not the same as strypsjuka (diphtheria)

strypsiuka, strypsjuka = diphtheria

stryptvinsot = tuberculosis in larynx

styng = sharp pain in chest, sting

studios, studiosus = student, academic

stämma = constipation

ställmakare = one who manufactures the chassis or underbody of a wagon on which wheels and wagon body were attached; it can also have a more general meaning of wagon-maker

            “ställningsmakare” [might be a variation or something different?]

susceptor = Latin, the godparent who held the child at christening (susceptor = masculine, susceptrix = feminine)

svaghet = frailty

            “ålderdoms svaghet”, the frailty of old age

svagsint = feeble-minded, insane

svåger = brother-in-law

svägerska = sister-in-law

svällnad, svullnad = lit. “swelling”, abscess, tumor, edema

svärdotter = daughter-in-law

svärfader, svärfar = father-in-law

svärföräldrar = parents-in-law

svärson = son-in-law

sår-halssjuka = diphtheria

såsom, ss = as

sängeliggande, sängliggande = bedridden

            “sängliggande i sistlidne”, bedridden at the last (i.e., at the end of his life)

särknamn = farm-name (särknamnet, the farm-name)

in much of rural Sweden, the farm-name was placed at the end of a person’s names (Anders i Backen, Kerstin Bengstdotter vid Dammen, etc.), but in Dalarna and surrounding areas, the farm-name was placed before the forename (Anniko Lars Andersson, etc.)

also gårdsnamn

tandplågor = toothache

tandsprickning = teething

            see also hjärtsprång hos barn, tandsprickning, magref, maskar

tarmtvinsot = intestinal tuberculosis

tillstånds Bevis = certificate of permission

“och Compagnie Chefens tillstånds Bevis”, here probably a soldier who had his company commander’s written permission to marry

timmerman = carpenter

            also snickare

tjenst, tjänst = service (employment as a servant/helper)

            “Man nu i tjänst på”, [he is] now in service at …

torpare = crofter

torsk = thrush (candidiasis)

troligen = probably

trånsjuka = languishing

tvinsot = consumption (tuberculosis)

            see also mjält-sjuka, trånsiuka

tyfus, typhus = typhus until the end of 19th century, after that typhoid fever

upplöst = dissolved

“upplöst hjonelag, upl. hjon”, a marriage dissolved [ended] by the death of one of the spouses

uppgiven fader = declared father (regarding an illegitimate birth)

upnått = met

uppsättare, oppsättare =  one who fills up the blast furnace (masugn)

urinsot = diabetes

utfattig = penniless, destitute (not able to pay taxes)

utsot = diarrhea

valsverksarbetare = rolling-mill worker

vansinnighet = insanity

vatten i hjernan = water in the head (of children)

vatten-kräfta = necrosis in facial tissue (noma) caused by an inflammation on an unhealthy baby child

            see also liksot

vattenstämma, vattustämma = urinary retention, anuria

vattusot, wattusot, vattensot, vattensvullnad = edema

            see also andtäppa, gulsot, skjörbugg

venerisk sjukdom = veneral disease, usually syphilis

vita communis = Latin, way of living, usual lifestyle, character (lit. “common/everyday life”): a description of someone’s (usually a deceased person’s) character

“vita communis: gudfruktig stilla och sachtmodig”, vita communis: [he was] godly, quiet, and gentle

våda, vådeligen, döde af vådelige tillfällen, vådelig händelse = killed in an accident

            “af våda skadat sig sielfva till döds”, mortally injured in an accident

“vådeligen dödade af andra”, killed in an accident by other people

“döde af egen eller andras våda”, killed in an accident caused by themselves or by other people

“döde af våda”, killed in an accident

vällsignat, välsignat = blessed

            “är Vällsignat med 4 Barn”, was blessed with 4 children

värk = pain

wargerning, vargering = reserve

“wargerningskarl, vargeringskarl“, reserve soldier

värnplikts-förhållanden = conscription circumstances

as värnpliktiga förhållanden, in a column heading in some 1900s parish books

åderförkalkning = arteriosclerosis

allmän åderförkalkning, general arteriosclerosis

ålderdomskrämpor = ailments of old age

ålderdomssvag = infirmities of old age (ålderdomssvaghet, the infirmities of old age)

årbart = honorable, virtuous

ägtenskap, äktenskap = marriage

            “träda i ägtenskap med”, enter into marriage with (träder, trädt)

            “trädde han i ägtenskap med”, he took in marriage (with)

borgerligt äktenskap = civil marriage

Upplöst äktenskap = dissolved marriage. Note that this does not generally mean that the husband and wife were divorced, only that the marriage itself was no longer in existence, due to the death of one of the spouses

äkta säng, ägta säng, egta säng = of legitimate birth

ängelska siukan, engelska sjukan = rickets (lit., the English sickness)

            see also risan